Digital Culture Presentation

Web 2.0: The Poster from flickr


Thanks to everyone who attended my presentation on digital culture.

I promised to post some of the tips and links I referenced, so here they are. There's also plenty of other material in this blog, so take a look around.

If you haven’t already, get microblogging on Twitter and sign up to social network like Facebook. Explore some of the social applications like the music sharing app. iLike.

Check out the differences between Facebook, which is a network largely for people who already know each other and Bebo, which has a younger profile and positions itself more as a social media site, with online TV shows like Kate Modern. Bebo is currently championing online safety.

Use a feed reader (personal news aggregator) e.g. Google Reader or Netvibes to get your information and entertainment brought to you in one place (and you won't have e-mail newsletters clogging up your inbox).

Use social bookmarks, such as del.icio.us or Reddit, to tag and sort information and access your favourites from any computer. The bookmarks are public, so you can also see what interests other people.

Discover new websites through StumbleUpon or the del.icio.us hotlist.

Download Firefox as your web browser and get some add-ons e.g. the web 2.0 toolbar (allows you to quickly access top social news stories and top viral videos so you're up to speed with the latest online buzz).

Why pay for calls, when you can use VoIP to make free calls online - download Skype.

Store and share your documents on the Internet using Google Docs - even write collaboratively.

Start a blog with Blogger or Typepad.

Create your own cartoon strip with Toonlet.

Create a photoblog, or digital scrapbook, with Scrapblog.

Explore the groundbreaking Microsoft Photosynth, which displays digital photos in a reconstructed 3-D space for anyone to explore.

Try a search visualisation tool like searchCrystal. It's still in beta mode, so give them some feedback on your experience. You can also help improve Search at Google Experimental .

Gain ‘influencer points’ in social media like StumbleUpon or Digg, or Australia-based Kwoff, by voting, commenting and linking to sites and uploading content you think others will find interesting.

Beta test cutting edge new software - get invitation codes from mashable.

See how Brazil's Ministry of Culture is creating Cultural Hotspots, which use digital technology to help preserve indigenous cultures and help communities express themselves.

Check out how we're creating culture through online videos, TV shows and games:
The Machine is Us/ing Us
Internet People
Dick in A Box
Starburst's Little Lad Dance
Neon Bible
Get The Glass
Kate Modern

See how virtual worlds are already child's play:
Webkinz
Whyville
Club Penguin

Enjoy!

Have a great long weekend,

Moensie

Room service? Send up a larger room

Stateroom scene, A Night At The Opera


Marx Brothers' fans will recognise the line, 'Room service? Send up a larger room' from A Night At The Opera. I adopted this as the name for my blog because I love playing with language and the Marx Brothers' ingenious word play is legendary.

In marketing, there are lessons to be learnt from how the Vaudeville comedians flip language to change perspective and meaning. This allows us see things differently, in order to come up with more creative solutions to problems. Then we can genuinely surprise and delight consumers.

So, in customer service, for example, where most service providers would do the obvious, logical thing (service customers just as much as is necessary to maximise profits or shareholder value), innovative companies think laterally. They embrace the absurd and they send up a larger room.

The novelist Paulo Coelho subverted his own brand, creating the 'pirate' website Pirate Coelho, where he posts links to illegal downloads of his own books. He even published a free version of the Russian translation of The Alchemist. And his quirky strategy has paid off. Not only has he garnered the support of fans worldwide, but sales of his books in Russia quickly rose from nothing to over a million.

That's all very well for an author, but what of big brands? It turns out that this kind of lateral thinking can also pay off for large companies. Amazon went above and beyond the call of duty to provide unparalleled customer service, when Wall Street logic would have had the company build the bottom line.

Amazon embraced the 'absurd', offering free shipping, even making losses on some popular items. But, they built a powerbrand with enviable levels of trust and loyalty - 72 million active customers, each spending an annual total of $US184 on average, a 23% rise over the previous year (New York Times).

Their business philosophy is based on the principle that, if you do something good for one customer, they'll tell 100 customers. That's a hundredfold return on investment - not bad odds, even by logical standards.

Google Thyself

I was in Epoque in Cammeray the other day (great mussels and chips) and happened to see a woman wearing this T-shirt. It made me smile.

Self-Googling is increasingly common, now practiced by 47% of American Internet users, compared to 22% in 2002, the Pew Internet and American Life Project reports.

It may seem narcissistic, but keeping track of your 'personal' information online - your so-called 'digital footprint' - makes sense. The same research study, released in December 2007, indicated that 53% of online users had Googled other people, for personal or business reasons. In other words, false, or embarrassing information, or images, come back to bite you.

There's a growing industry in reputation management, with companies like ReputationDefender and the professionally oriented Naymz, helping Internet users bury potentially harmful information.

I've pointed out previously that many people, particularly teens, still don't seem that bothered about many aspects of online privacy. But, managing their image is important to them. It's about being in control of what they share and what they disclose about themselves, in order to be perceived the way they want.

War of the Words

The BBC reports that Facebook has been asked to withdraw the wildly popular Scrabulous application, following complaints from toymakers Mattel and Hasbro, who own the Scrabble trademark.

Scrabulous, created by third party developers for Facebook, currently ranks among the site's top ten applications, with around 600,000 active daily users. And these loyalists have already mobilised to create the Save Scrabulous group. They're encouraging fans to log their protest with the toy makers. There's even an online petition with nearly 700 signatures to date.

Scrabulous has attracted such a following because it gives Facebook users bragging rights with their mates. Being the wordgame master among your social network friends confers kudos in a somewhat more intellectual way than being the top Rockstar Vampire. A burgeoning number of 'scrabble cheat' websites attest to the social value of being a Scrabulous star.

Mattel and Hasbro missed a trick, failing to leverage a property that was online gold. Scrabulous developers Rajat and Jayant Agarwalla spotted the opportunity - and their ingenuity was in not simply developing an online version of Scrabble, but recognising its value as a social widget.

It's as if a Scrabble ecosystem has developed, with several groups having a stake in the intellectual value of the word game. There's the original idea for Scrabble, owned by the big companies, the tweaked idea, with the addition of social networking functionality, part borrowed, sort of 'owned' (they hope) by the Scrabulous developers, and, the intellectual standing gained by champion Scrabulous players. Add to that the cheat websites and Scrabble is rich brain food indeed, feeding minds, boosting social currency and wallets.

It remains to be seen how the intellectual property battle will pan out. Not only the developers, but Facebook, face the music. By throwing open its doors to third party applications, which live on the site, Facebook has, to some extent, aligned its fate to that of external developers.

The social network's member base and user engagement rocketed last year when it invited outside applications - games, quizzes, film and music sharing widgets flooded in. Now Facebook shares the grief and the potential loss of visitors, or decline in the time spent by users within the site, should popular applications be withdrawn. For some people, Facebook is Scrabulous and the social network's value would be diminished without it.

Too cool for school?

Coolest Girl in School


A new mobile game for girls, (who now account for around 60% of mobile game users) by Australian developers Champagne for the Ladies and Kukan Studio, invites players to fight their way, tooth and nail, to the top of the high school ladder. In Coolest Girl in School, players improve their social standing by lying, bitching, getting pregnant, doing drugs, you name the vice. Too cool for school? The Australian Family Association is not amused.

There's been a lot of press coverage about the apparently dangerous effects of violent video games, or games that seem to promote aggression. They've been blamed for antisocial behaviour, teen pregnancy, even murder. Other media explore violence and horror, yet computer games get most of the heat because of their interactive nature, which is thought to influence behaviour more.

Critics are particularly scathing when it comes to games that reward bad behaviour, saying this sends out the wrong signals to children and increases aggressive thinking and behaviour. They point to a body of research. A recent study by the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research likens exposure to violent games to a pubic health threat.

A counter argument is that indulging in fantasy or roleplay doesn't make kids monsters. Teens are natural thrill seekers and gaming allows them to experiment, explore and discover the consequences of their choices. Not only can gameplay help enhance their strategic decision-making ability, but it can be a safe outlet for their more brutish, or conflicted feelings.

Gameplay occurs in context - the social context and the player's preexisting tendencies, which may have a stronger behavioural influence. Gaming enthusiasts point to other studies, which indicate that short-term video game play has less of an impact on behaviour than existing personality traits.

There is no scientific consensus. If there is any common ground, it's a tentative acknowledgment that violent videogames may desensitise people to real-life violence. Cyber-bullying, such as happy slapping, has been cited as a possible consequence.

It remains unclear whether violent games cause violent behaviour, or whether they just tend to be favoured by more aggressive people.

Ultimately, kids may be attracted to violent games because they're more exciting and absorbing. Research indicates that video games can dull pain, and violent games are the most effective, according to scientists at Wheeling Jesuit University in West Virginia, US. Nilli Lavie, a psychologist at University College London, has speculated that fighting and sports games probably dull pain most because they occupy more of a player's attention.


High school - the horror!

Without getting too embroiled in the violence debate, lets look at some home truths about the school setting of Coolest Girl in School. Kids don't need video games to bring out a sadistic streak, if they're so inclined. Whether they're pulling the legs off spiders, or torturing younger siblings, or sending classmates to Coventry, baser instincts will find expression.

High school can be quite ruthless. (OK, I admit, my high school was a bitch fest. Alarmingly, encountering some of my year group later in life, I found the years had made them all the more bitter. It just goes to show, 'if you think bad, bad's what you get'.)

The primeval, Lord of the Flies brutality of high school has often been visited in media. Think Heathers, Clueless, Gossip Girl. And now there's the Australian school-themed mockumentary Summer Heights High (which rated amongst Google's top TV searches in 2007).

These films use satire, pastiche, and black humour to pull apart the social constructs in school, to reveal the power struggles, the cliques and the gender battles. We laugh, while wincing at how close they come to the ugly truth.

You could argue that a computer game, which tackles similar issues, is also making valid commentary. But, the point about a game, particularly a role-playing game, is that users can follow different paths, depending on their moral and strategic choices, therefore any point the developers may be making is less clear. A game is more open to interpretation (and misinterpretation).

While instincts may be to protect kids from various horrors, they're fielding them every day. That's not to say that computer games that appear to encourage bitching and violence should get an easy ride; we should always debate content, particularly when it's aimed at kids. I get the feeling that Coolest Girl in School, billed as 'Grand Theft Auto for girls', is banking on some debate. In games marketing, being infamous is as good as being famous - provided you're not banned.


Implications for branded entertainment

Companies looking into branded games need to be aware of the pitfalls. Clearly family brands don't want to attract the attention of watchdogs, but if they do use games in their marketing mix, marketers need to make sure they appeal to the target audience. Kids are exposed to edgy and risque games. Often, these are the most thrilling. A safe, daggy, branded game will attract nothing but derision and do the brand more harm than good.

But all is not lost. It's relatively easy to aim games at younger children, with innocent, playful, or educational content. Word games, e.g Scrabulous, or strategy games, can work well for older audiences. Brands can explore humour when targeting any audience, but bear in mind that a lot of modern comedy is edgy or dark.

There's no easy solution, but this is not a problem peculiar to branded games. Any ad, or branded entertainment property, needs to make its mark, finding a place on the spectrum between inchoate boredom on the left hand side and infamy on the other. I'd suggest right of centre, whatever your brand!

Thrifty chic

Thrifty Birthday Girl


Thrifty thinking, once the preserve of misers and cheap dates, is officially cool. As illustrated by JWT's campaign for Thrifty car rental, people are having fun with thrift. That means it's seeping into popular culture (for example, Thrifty ads are giving rise to copycat spoofs on YouTube). Thrifty thinking has become a positive lifestyle choice, a movement no less.

Thrifty thinking is such an engaging concept because it's a game of wits. You can try to beat the system, always getting the better deal, whether it's buying on the sales and getting twice as much, or shopping at a discount department store and passing it off as designer. It's not just about getting things cheap - it's the payoff when you pull it off as something bigger and shinier. Thrift has attitude.

In the Thrifty campaign, that's the dad taking disproportionate credit for getting his daughter a car (rental) for her birthday. It's Thrifty 'borrowing' someone's high-traffic billboard space round Sydney Airport.

Being thrifty is not exclusive. It works for people of all ages and incomes. As the Entourage boys demonstrate, being a multimillionaire superstar playboy, or one of his hangers on, doesn't preclude thrift. Vince orders the most expensive steak on the menu as a takeout when his business lunch goes sour. Drama steals batteries from recording studios for his (very) personal shaver.

With the mainstreaming of green or 'caring' consumption (think Anya Hindmarch's 'I'm not a plastic bag' - environmentally caring, oh! so desirable and the godmother of caring handbags), being thrifty is no longer pejorative. If you're thrifty, it's not that you're cheap, you're just putting more thought into what you buy. You're not a merchandise monster who's destroying the planet for us all through your out of control consumption.

So, join the backlash against record consumer spending, 'buy' your friends a virtual beer, pull in your purse strings and get some thrift. It's all the rage (and, given the global credit crisis, it's kind of sensible too).

4 examples of contagious customised virals

When it comes to viral marketing, it may be glaringly obvious, yet it's often overlooked that you need to give people a good reason to pass it on. One of the most successful ways to do this is through customisation: then people have a vested interest in the content and are more likely to spread it.

Here are 4 examples of contagious customised virals:


Simpsonize Me



Burger King's (still live) Simpsonize Me, which coincided with the 2007 release of The Simpsons movie, is pretty simple and good fun. It takes no more digital sophistication than the ability to upload a photo of yourself, so it quickly became popular with all ages.


Elf Yourself


Elfsonificated Markus on Flickr

US-based office supplies company OfficeMax's recent Elf Yourself initiative spawned flickr groups, caught the imagination of broadcasters, including the Today Show and generally caused a stir, attracting over 110 million visitors, according to OfficeMax statistics. So simple, so dumb, so successful...The moral of the story: people are easily pleased. You don't need sophisticated widgets and gizmos, just something quirky and customisable that gives them a chuckle.

The downside was the lack of leverage for the OfficeMax brand. Dancing elves are all very well, but unless they shift some product they might as well whistle Dixie.


Dexter



Dexter was more sophisticated, but not over-complex. To launch the TV series Dexter, Icetruck TV came up with a wickedly ingenious viral that let users give their mates a scare, by sending them video footage indicating that they were next on a serial killer's hit list. The video is a lifelike news report, which includes 'police' footage and commentary on patterns observed in the killer's activity; it's made all the more real for including your friend's name, job and a customised message at the crime scene.


Pepsi Max





Pepsi recently launched this 'tattoo' video viral that lets you play a joke on guys who fancy themselves as lady killers. It includes a good level of customisation, as you can see above, without being too time-consuming. Drop down boxes enable users to quickly make a selection.

Post-Futurism, Now!

Culturally, we're in the throes of a time slip. We're losing the present. In film and fiction, the present day is increasingly represented as the future, while current films are more often set in the past.

Firstly, the current past. In The Sydney Morning Herald (11 January, 2008) Joe Queenan observes that more new films are set in the past because technology is ruining suspense in storylines. With mobiles, the Internet and GPS tracking, the good guys get real-time information on the whereabouts of killers and help is instantly at hand. So, present day films lack the suspense of old-fashioned thrillers.

I agree with this up to a point. However, a series set very much in the present, 24, manages to be immensely thrilling. But it does have to work bloody hard to be so. It's a paradigm of multi-threading, with multiple plots and subplots unfolding concurrently. To achieve close to the same level of tension as, say, Hitchcock's Psycho, it has to be ultra-complex. From Lost to Heroes, multithreading is a clear trend in TV.

I believe that what films set in the past offer is suspense and simplicity. (Incidentally, the Coen Brothers' new movie No Country For Old Men, set in the late 70s, is awesome - the slow, slow pace of it, the entire lack of music, which makes it so oppressive. At one point, the Sheriff visits an elderly relative. I got the sense that the old guy had been sitting there in his dilapidated house, on the far side of dusty nowhere, with no company but smelly cats, since time immemorial. I loved it; others may feel they've been sitting in the cinema since the beginning of time.)


No Country For Old Men trailer


Now, back to the present future. The fantastic science fiction blog io9 recently posted a feature entitled Why is science fiction going back to near future?. The article points out that cyberpunk guru William Gibson, who coined the term 'cyberspace', now writes fiction in the present day because, he claims, 'reality has become science fictional'.

Science fiction is now closer to real life, so the genre is mainstraming, or rather, sci-fi ideas are creeping into literary fiction. I've read several such books recently by mainstream authors, including Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go and Tobias Hill's The Cryptographer, both set in the near future. Cormack McCarthy's The Road, which I would unconditionally recommend, is set in a post-apocalyptic world, which seems to loom before us, as storms and drought ravage the world.

Science fiction is no longer so outlandish. The fact is, we simply don't need to look to the distant future to conduct the 'thought experiments' of sci-fi. We already have the capability to destroy, or redeem ourselves through technology. Much of the work being conducted in breakthrough fields like nanotechnology and AI won't be commercialised for many years, but there is a research lab, somewhere, where mankind's technological nemesis lurks. It's post-futurism, now, baby!


www.postfuturism.org

Microblogging - insights and inanities

Millions of people are sharing their immediate thoughts, feelings and secrets online through digital art projects and microblogs, which encourage brevity of expression. They've found an outlet for their stories, profound, trivial and downright inane. They're empathising with strangers and connecting with friends, being privy to other people's lives in a way that's never before been possible.

Microblogs require users to pare down to the essentials. Sometimes this makes contributors stop and think because words are precious; on the other hand, it can encourage the sharing of any old kack because it’s easy.

The context of the website tends to dictate the sort of material submitted. Twitter is the place to splurge random thoughts and much of the content is banal. Onesentence, which is more oriented to storytelling, seems to encourage greater deliberation.

But even the quotidian can be of interest. Knowing that Molly is having trouble sleeping may be irrelevant to most, but important to her mum, illuminating to her teacher and a leveler for insomniacs everywhere. And, whether or not we know the person, in a way it’s reassuring to know that other people suffer the same boredom and annoyances. As much as the interesting stuff, this reminds us that other humans are like us. They're not somehow more switched on, they're just as rubbish as we are (actually, that's kind of scary).

You can stumble upon surprising, or touching entries. Anyone can tell their story, anonymously or semi-anonymously, so, in some ways, a microblog is like a confessional that doesn't require you to be a member of any group or religion. It can reveal the truth of people’s innermost thoughts, which at other times, proves so elusive.

Often, transitions are captured – the exact point when people steered their lives in a new direction. For example, a striking entry on Postsecret is ‘Everyone that knew me before 9/11 thinks I’m dead.’ Is it true? Who knows? But to many people, the postings are more 'real' than a lot of media messages.

As a consequence of the insight to be gleaned, some of these sites are tremendously appealing to viewers and readers, hungry for a good story. Compendiums of people’s thoughts, published as books, are hitting the bestseller lists.

Microblogging still seems, to many people, rather pointless, or odd. But it stems from traditional modes of expression, such as the post-it note and the to-do list. Once we kept these to ourselves, but thanks to web 2.0, we’re now able to share our stories on an unprecedented scale. More's the pity, some might say, but take a moment to check out these story sharing blogs, highlighted on Blogger.

Postsecret



Postsecret began as an art installation for Artomatic in Washington. People were invited to send in anonymous home-made postcards, with their secrets written across the artwork. The community project is ongoing and exists as a website, created by Frank Warren in January 2005, and a series of books. The fourth book is currently on the Amazon bestseller list in the US.

To-do list



In the trailer above, Sasha Cagan begins with the question: ‘Have you ever wondered what your to-do list says about you?’ Nothing in my case, as I aim to live as spontaneously as possible - that means a list-free existence (but I guess that says something about me anyway). Loads of people emailed or sent in their lists, which range from the daily grind to a record of people’s hopes and ambitions. The recent book includes entries from novelist Nick Hornby, alongside everyday punters.

One reason the site is so compelling is that checking out other people's resolutions can help your formulate your own. It's kind of lazy, but so what? And, making your goals public makes it easier to ask for help and adds an extra incentive to make things happen, so you don't look like a chump (I love that word - anyone remember the original Miami Vice?).

On the wisdom of crowds

picture from www.mindfully.org


One of my favourite fairytales is Hans Christian Andersen's The Emperor's New Clothes. You know the script: a vain emperor is duped by rogue tailors, who convince him of the sartorial elegance of the new (non-existent) clothes they've fashioned for him. All but the stupidest of people would see the quality and magnificence of the cloth, they assure him. As he parades through the streets, naked, the crowd is taken in by the myth, wildly praising his attire - no one wants to appear to be a chump. Only one boy cries out that the emperor is stark naked and the truth quickly spreads by word of mouth.

First published in 1837, this really is a tale for the web 2.0 generation. It has all our favourite ingredients - the power of a good story, the 'wisdom' of crowds, viral marketing, the antihero who speaks up against authority and the child who's wiser than his elders.

Apart from showing that things haven't changed quite as drastically as we think over the past couple of centuries, the most powerful message for me is that we should never blindly accept accepted wisdom.

There are lots of principles and tenets in marketing and elsewhere that act as useful guides. But the only real wisdom is not to take anything as red. Next time you see a naked emperor, no matter what your friends and colleagues say, call it. Then you'll be the kick ass kid, wise beyond your years.

Mind you, you have to hand it to the emperor. Even when the crowd had turned, he held his head up high. If you're going to do dumb, do it with conviction.

5 ways to tell a more convincing brand story

Your brand's competitive set has expanded, exponentially. Every particle of entertainment, everything out there that's useful or interesting or mildly diverting competes for consumers' attention. So you'd better have something to tell and to keep telling, to keep them interested. That means a living, breathing, evolving story, not a repeated proclamation of your USP, or unique selling proposition.

Here are some ways to tell a more convincing brand story:


1. Tell your own story better than your critics can

You can't have full control over your brand's image, but you can have a strong personality and a compelling story. The more impressive your account of yourself, the less convincing is the bad stuff written about you.

Microsoft is in the business of world changing, yet its story, as told largely by third parties and competitors, has gone from despotic to dreary. Apple's Get A Mac campaign casts the PC, aka Microsoft, as a desperately undynamic, bumbling, old-school suit.

Now marketer and cartoonist Hugh McLeod, author of gapingvoid.com (cartoons on the back of business cards) is engaged in the Blue Monster Project to help Microsoft tell its own story better. The character has been adopted as a mascot by some employees.

Blue Monster

Microsoft has help from other quarters. Director Laurie McGuinness has created a series of spoof Mac ads from the PC's perspective. A mashup that's well worth a look - instead of defensively putting down the Mac, the films playfully pick up on the traits of each system and its users.


2. Create drama in the right places

Your brand communication needs to entertain consumers or provide something useful, otherwise it will be screened out. So create some drama. If you're a Nike or Mini, that's pretty easy. Not so, if you're a toothpaste, or one of many indispensable yet invisible work-a-day FMCG products. Sometimes, the trick is to accept that your most interesting story may not have your brand playing the lead role.

Realising that people are (usually) more interesting than flame grilled slabs of meat, Burger King has been creating Burger King, The Movie, about flatmates living above a BK restaurant. The brand is clearly central, but incidental in that the interest is generated by the relationships and friction between the flatmates.

For me it evokes fond memories of 160d Finchley Road, when Rhyd and I lived with 'satan', opposite a kebab shop and next door to Domino's. They weren't my leanest times, but 'although I'm happier now I always long somehow, back to 199*'. And with those memories, come the curious craving for a burger 'n' chips, even a donner will do, before going home and forgetting to shut the door and then spending the night terrified having just spent the evening discussing in detail how you'd defend yourself if attacked by the ghoul in Scream. But that's just me.

No doubt some punters will baulk at the audacity of BK's putting its name to a movie and boycott it on principle. But audacious it is, and one to watch (if not actually view). Ultimately, success or failure will depend on the quality of writing and the characters - and, of course, the buzz it generates. And will it sell burgers - who but the subservient chicken knows?


3. Get some fans

That's fans not consumers. South African winemaker Stormhoek engages bloggers to spread the word, leveraging groups on Facebook, YouTube and Flickr. It provides the wine for 'geek dinners' when the freaks and geeks (the bloggers) invite their friends for dinner and then write about Stormhoek's wonderful hospitality, which makes the wine taste that much better.

Stormhoek wine blogging guide


4. Make your story directional but openended

Allow fans to build on your story. Digital culture is mashup culture. People alter content, they comment on it, augment it, satirise it, to express themselves through it. That's how culture becomes popular. The Get A Mac ads are a case in point.

So, give people an outlet to customise, to comment and have some fun with your brand. If you don't they will anyway. Check out Flickr images by the Decapitator, recently active in London. Pimm's is quite apt, while Moet & Chandon may well be less pleased with the Texas Chainsaw Massacre take on champagne chic.






The Decapitator at work


5. Make it exciting - but accessible

People must be able to imagine themselves in the roles you cast for them. For example, Kellogg's Nutri Grain promises that boys will grow into iron men, therefore the iron man must be someone a boy could hope to become, not an inaccessible, godlike figure.

Online, it's all in a day's work to adopt different identities. Just check out some of the Facebook applications, like 'Which Hero are you?' Answer a few questions and discover which character from the TV series you are. Answer differently and try on some other superpowers for size.


Heroes Facebook application

Second Life is for freaks

To most people, who've never explored one, Second Life, Entropia Universe and other virtual worlds are a freakshow. The weird and wonderful avatars are just weird and the people they represent are thought to be social lepers in real life.

The view is that Second Life detracts from your first life.

A parallel could be drawn with attitudes to gaming in the early nineties, when adults who played computer games were dismissed as geeks. Playstation's classic TV spot Double Life captured the subversive nature of gameplay. It's still one of my favourite ads ever.



Playstation: Double Life

Now mums around the world are the people most likely to play online casual games and Nintendo's Wii has made console gaming ubiquitous.

Virtual worlds will, I believe, also reach a 'tipping point' when they're seen to enhance your social life. Web users are already 'getting' social networks like Facebook - and virtual worlds have a strong social networking component. In time, people will get that virtual and real lives needn't be separate at all. In fact, kids are already demonstrating this.

Virtual worlds like Whyville, Habbo Hotel, Webkinz and Club Penguin have kids and teens in their thrall.

Webkinz screenshot

Real cuddly toys kids are given for Christmas come to life in the Webkinz world. Children set up home, take care of their pets, with the help of happy meters and hunger meters and chat and play with other owners.



Whyville screenshot

Whyville residents learn about science, the environment and money management and go round in Toyota's Scion cars. They can write for the town newspaper or take a helicopter tour of the world.

Needless to say, many kids, for whom the highlight of the week may be a trip to the skatepark, followed by pizza, excellent as both may be, find that virtual worlds offer a new level of freedom.




In the US, in 2007, nearly a quarter of Internet users aged 3 to 17 used virtual worlds at least once a month, eMarketer reports and strong growth is predicted.

Kids who've grown up using virtual worlds won't have the same prejudices older generations have towards these environments. The future of the Internet is entwined with virtual worlds. The semantic web will be something like a mix of a hypercharged Google Earth with all the information on the net in rich context.

Why not take a trip with Synthtravels, the virtual world travel agency and begin exploring? (It can be hard to find the action if you take a cursory look without a guide, as populations are still relatively small.) Whether you're interested in fashion, architecture, thrills, or you're just curious, there's a tour for you. Go on, hang down with the freaks and ghouls!

Hero Archetypes in Shag, Shoot or Marry?

I’ve worked at a number of London ad agencies and can confidently say that the one thing they’ve had in common is a dedication, in their downtime, to the forced choice game Shag, Shoot or Marry?. It needs little explanation: three people are presented to a player and they have to assign a fate to each.

As we’re in the throes of the silly season, it seems appropriately inappropriate to discuss the appeal of this peculiar obsession. Why it should be so popular (or rather, prevalent, being reviled as much as it's relished) in London, I'm not sure. Perhaps it's an outlet for the more reserved, understated types to unleash their inner sex god.

It’s a social game and Advertising is a social industry. It’s a mating game and Advertising has its fair share of flirting. It’s amenable to cultural adaptation, which is a prerequisite of any self-respecting entertainment property in a customisable world. For example, it’s also known as The Cliff Game to those who'd rather push than fire guns. Punch, Pash or Partner is the chosen vernacular on Australian Big Brother Friday Night Live.

In keeping with another media trend, the game is a transmedia property. It also exists as a board game (Marry, Date or Dump), a radio gameshow on Howard Stern in the US and now a Facebook widget (Bed, Wed or Dead), so you can torment your friends. Clearly, the caper is well adjusted to the digital ‘Noughties’, as this decade is known, apparently.

But, I suggest, the real reason behind the game’s popularity lies in its pandering to the tensions inherent in the optimal mating strategies of men and women. It delivers vicariously the highs and lows of the dating game, like a potted version of Gossip Girl, or Entourage. Short-term vs. long-term strategies are in evidence.

Darwin’s theory of sexual selection holds that, for men and women, the greater the ‘investment in offspring’, the choosier the subject is when selecting a partner. In contrast, casual sex is chosen to be more promiscuous and competitive, in other words, trophy dates.

In The Evolution of Desire, D. M. Buss outlines the theory that for short-term affairs, women should opt for fit, dominant men, or ‘cads’ (purveyors of good genes), whereas marriage candidates should include nurturing men, or ‘dads’ (purveyors of care and resources).

According to academics at the University of Michigan’s Institute of Social Research, the two kinds of men correspond to archetypes of heroes in romantic fiction. One is the daring, promiscuous ‘dark hero’, or outlaw; the other is the kindly ‘proper hero’.

In their study, which exposed female undergraduates to the characters via passages from romantic novels, women said they’d prefer the dark heroes for short relationships, but found the proper heroes more likeable - candidates for marriage. The shorter the relationship, the greater was their preference for dark heroes.

The Hero and the Outlaw are also Jungian Brand Archetypes. I wonder if the game would have the same appeal if applied to suitable brands? …I’ll go find that cliff.

No Sex Please, We're (Still) British

A poll, originally published in The Times (UK), perfectly captures a national trait for understatement, which, perhaps even more than the Union Jack, is a particle of ‘Britishness’. While the British are increasingly becoming known for binge drinking and, thanks to Little Britain, a lady (lay-dee) is more commonly thought to be a moustachioed transvestite, the old reserve is still in evidence.

According to the poll, the most shocking public behaviours in Britain are nudity (37%), wearing a hoodie (12%), displays of affection (11%), breast feeding (10%), having a bad ringtone (8%), arguing (8%), drinking alcohol (7%), dropping litter (3%) and smoking (2%) (Brainmail). Not being one for public displays of affection myself, I find this amusing.

While it probably wouldn’t be a good thing for us all to adopt the values of Viz’s Victorian Dad, or to clamp down on those pesky nursing mums, it’s interesting to note a resurgence in grace and deportment. This backlash against binge drinking culture is as much media driven as consumer led, but it's beginning to gain traction.

www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/littlebritain

In 2006, a ‘social experiment’ transformed Britain’s worst booze hounds into paragons of sophistication. The girls were spirited away to Eggleston Hall Finishing School for Young Ladies for the reality TV show Ladette to Lady.

For some participants, the experience was life changing. For young viewers, it highlighted the benefits of deportment where it really counts – their looks. Several of the female beer monsters reported losing considerable amounts of weight. Unsurprisingly, cutting back from the customary 20-pub-a-night pub crawl resulted in significant calorie reduction!

www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/abfab

Joanna Lumley, interviewed on Parkinson in October, has called on young ones in the UK to behave better, so as to be more successful in life. In a rather ironic way, she’s the ideal spokesperson, best known for her outrageous antics as Patsy Stone in Absolutely Fabulous and poster child to several generations of female party animals.

The actress, who, in real life, is incredibly poised and articulate, has written a foreward to a reissued book called The Magic Key to Charm. It draws on old-fashioned values and furnishes binge-drinking lasses with the skills to become more ladylike.

And, given that throwing up in the gutter is not a good look, particularly when the photos are instantly plastered all over Bebo, or Facebook, this could be very good advice.

Life isn't 'real' without brands

Advertising has been regarded as a manipulative influence, a 'hidden persuader'. Some went so far as to say that advertising created a distorted reality in which people were forced to lead inauthentic lives. Now brands are part of the social fabric, part of our collective social memories. They belong as much to consumers as to marketers.

Branded properties have become social particles, which people use for communication and self-expression. Once oxymorons, 'authentic consumption' and even 'caring consumption' have become acceptable contradictions. In other words, 'I shop, therefore I am.'

The bad news for marketers is they no longer own their brands. But, on the upside, brands have more opportunities than ever to enter consumers’ lives, provided they're ‘real’, that is, in context. Instead of interrupting conversations, brands need to be interesting enough to be part of the conversation, which isn't easy if you're a FMCG product. But any brand can generate interest, it may just have to swallow its pride and take a bit part in the story it creates. The trick is to integrate in a relevant way, so you're not creating entertainment for entertainment's sake, but also selling product.


Get Real

Today, for the majority of youngish people, it’s almost inconceivable to have a world without brands, to the extent that when social media company Bebo, excluded brands from the online TV show Kate Modern, viewers voted that brands should be shown, provided they were in context and hence ‘real’.




Express Yourself

With or without corporate consent, consumers manipulate brands for their own self-expression. One instance of this is customisation. By allowing people to personalise their trainers in its origami-themed Mexico 66 online store, Onitsuka Tiger helps customers experiment with fashion design to develop their own take on the brand.

Companies are developing new products with consumers, not through traditional, stilted research methods, but more organic discussion. Chase Manhattan began a dialogue with US students on Facebook to find out how they would use a youth-targeted rewards-based credit card. Discovering that they gave their points to charity, the bank created a Facebook credit card, the Chase +1 Student MasterCard, which facilitates donating through ‘Karma points’.


Show you care

The Chase MasterCard illustrates ‘caring consumption’, which has become a convenient way to change the world, without compromising on your lifestyle. It’s the premise of JWT’s Change The World 9 to 5 campaign, which empowers people to make a difference, through making activism seem less daunting.

No matter how thoughtlessly you consume, you can still care thanks to a campaign for the Belgian League for the Blind www.ablindcall.be, which leverages the fact that we’re all prone to making accidental calls when our mobiles aren’t locked. Mobile users are being encouraged to add the 'A Blind Call' telephone number to their contacts list. Every time they make an accidental call on that number, a donation is given to the charity.


Branded entertainment

Advertising and entertainment have blurred to the point where people increasingly don’t distinguish between the two - it's all part of life. It’s not that they don’t know when they’re being marketed to, it’s that they often don’t care. Provided they’re being entertained or given something useful, they’re happy to take on board branded content, from advergames, such as adidas' OriginsFestival, a game that lets you create your own ideal music festival, to branded social applications, such as the Sprite SIPS character on Facebook.

OriginsFestival


While consumers may not distinguish between advertising and entertainment (when it's good), brands clearly need to maintain the distinction between entertaining and selling and they must get the balance right.

The branded microseries Sunsilk's Lovebites integrates the product into an ongoing drama. There are plenty of other opportunities to convey product information, e.g. via the website, or traditional advertising, but if you want to create engaging content, people's lives are usually more interesting than shampoo.

Burger King's upcoming Buger King, The Movie likewise creates drama around flatmates, who happen to live above a Burger King restaurant. Whether or not this will fly, after years of shoving flame grilled whoppers under our noses, has yet to be seen. The company's previous foray into entertainment - the leftfield Subservient Chicken, which web users could command to do their bidding - was undoubtedly popular and demonstrated the 'have it your way' strategy, but its effect on sales is less clear. Personally, any company that lets me take control of a guy in a chicken suit, is a winner in my book. But that's just me.

Subservient Chicken


When corporates use people powered media they tread a fine line, open to criticsm that they're hijacking an environment they don't understand. By engaging audiences in co-creation they can avoid such criticism. Nike’s Chain, part of the Joga Bonito campaign, had football fans film and post online footage of their own ball skills. The only condition was that the ball had to enter the screen on the left and exit on the right. When the clips were put together, they created a chain linking people across continents and cultures – a perfect instantiation of the beautiful game.

Joga Bonito


Social Particles

Brands and branded entertainment properties have become ‘social particles’. What consumers share with their friends, through their social, real-life and mobile networks says something about them. Branded material can enhance their social standing. Being the first to pick up on a new viral campaign or widget, or being the top scorer amongst your mates on a branded online game, confers status.

Brands have become integral to life, but this comes at a price. There's much more competition. If you’re an FMCG brand and you think your competitive set is FMCG, think again. It’s the universe of all things entertaining, useful, fun, or thought-provoking.

If you're a brand that doesn't lend itself to laugh-out-loud entertainment, or deep and meaningful self-expression, where do you fit in - above, below, within, or to the side of consumers' lives - and how and where do you create drama? Is your product really the most interesting thing? A relevant, supporting role in a good movie is better than the starring role in something no one watches or cares about.

Want it...need it

Have you ever observed that, when you try not to think about something, you can't help thinking about it even more?

Cravings are linked to restraint. Anything subject to societal, or personal, restraint, in other words anything good that's deemed 'bad for you', is a candidate for a craving. Chocolate springs to mind.

Well, research suggests that it's pointless to fight food cravings, particularly when it comes to chocolate.

A study conducted at Hertfordshire University found that women who were specifically asked not to think about chocolate ate 50% more than those who were encouraged to talk freely about their predilections.

134 students were asked to either suppress all thoughts about chocolate, or talk about how much they enjoyed it. They were then asked to select from two confectionery brands, believing that it was this choice the researchers were monitoring. But how much they ate was measured instead.

Women who'd tried not to think about chocolate ate, on average, eight chocolates, while those who had talked freely about it ate five. The research, which was led by Dr. James Erskine, was published online in Appetite journal in October 2007.

The findings tie in with other research, which indicates that when you try to suppress a thought, this often has quite the opposite effect.

Some studies suggest that disrupting the mental imagery associated with cravings - visualising something else - can help. A study by Professor Marika Tiggemann and Dr Eva Kemps at Flinders University in Adelaide indicates that, instead of trying not to think about chocolate, people were more successful in reducing their cravings if they imagined a completely different object, such as a rose.

The research is published in the June 2007 edition of the Journal of Applied Psychology. It follows an earlier Flinders University study, published in Appetite (September 2005), which indicates that craving intensity relates to how vivid the food image is, with visual senses contributing more to cravings than any other sense, including smell.

Tiggemann and Kemps' work is geared to helping overweight people cope with cravings. Their research and the Hertfordshire University study have clear implications for people on diets. It doesn't pay to set unrealistic goals, such as resolving to cut out fattening foods altogether. For some people, eating a small quantity of the food they desire may help dispel the craving.


Cravings are individual and elicit different responses in different people

Cravings grip us all to some degree, but the cause and experience varies from person to person. It's a complex subject and a number of factors come into play, such as whether the suppressed thought has a high emotional content, how much it matters to people, whether the craving is physically based, caused by a nutrient deficiency, or depression related.



Differences have been observed between males and females. Women tend to crave sweet things, whereas men are more likely to desire savoury, usually salty or fatty, foods. These tendencies are also seen in 'comfort food', with men generally preferring hearty foods and women opting for quick, usually sweet, foods.

There are also differences in how men and women respond to cravings. In the Hertfordshire University study, men ate more chocolate if they spoke about it.

I wonder if perhaps this had something to do with the different level of craving experienced by men, compared to women. Perhaps, overall, their cravings weren't as strong, so restraint was less of an issue. By talking about it, it was more top-of-mind, so they ate more.

On the other hand, without reading too much into it, the findings may shed light on the different tendencies of men and women to talk through issues. In qualitative research, I've heard women admit that talking through problems is in itself cathartic, and helps reduce the problem. (In the Hertfordshire research, it seemed that talking about chocolate was the next best thing to eating it, and tended to reduce the cravings.) Anecdotally, men are more likely to want to fix the problem immediately, and if they can't, then talking about it stresses them out.

There you go. I'm off in search of chocolate. I've been trying not to think about it, and writing about wanting it is doing nothing to dispel the craving. Ultimately, though, I feel confident that a small indulgence now will pay off.

Touch

Our connection with the world is less direct than ever before because more of our information is mediated, usually via the TV or a computer screen. Visually overloaded, but sensorily deprived, we’re touch-hungry. The societal trend towards self-indulgence is partly a reaction to our biological need for touch. Increasingly, we spoil ourselves with luxury as a proxy for contact.

Our need for multi-sensory stimulation represents a big opportunity for brands. From the iPod Touch to a more tactile focus in interior design and bedlinen, brands are helping us re-connect with the world on a more visceral level. Branding is primarily about creating an emotional connection with consumers, and, touch, along with smell, is a highly emotional, immediate sense.

The way the brain processes information sheds light on the immediacy of touch. Touch stimulates us powerfully on an unconscious level: think of a tap on the shoulder, or the automatic response to withdraw your hand when you touch a hot stove. If the information that reaches our brain is based on physical senses, our reactions are much faster. This is the premise for Purdue University's experimental touch-based warning devices in steering wheels, designed to alert drivers to dangers, such as other vehicles in their blind spot.



Touch is the first sense humans develop in the womb. Babies need to be touched, otherwise their development is inhibited. Touch is fundamental to feeling comfortable, or distinctly uncomfortable. Some people like to greet their friends with a bear hug, while, for others, an air kiss is almost too much contact. A cosy, cashmere sweater can make all the difference to a winter day, not just in regulating temperature, but mood.

Research has demonstrated the positive benefits of touch in promoting animal health and human health. The Touch Research Institute at the University of Miami has conducted over 100 studies of subjects of all ages, which show the effects of touch therapy in alleviating depression, reducing pain and improving immune function, among other benefits.

Various scientific studies have shown that touch stimulates the release of endorphins (the body's natural pain killers). In other words, when a mum hugs her injured child, this can literally make it better.

But despite the demonstrable benefits, the sense of touch is being neglected. Dr Charles Spence of Oxford University, author of the ICI report on the Secrets of the Senses, warned that sensory deprivation in modern society is affecting people's health and wellbeing.

'We have moved away from an outdoor physical lifestyle to one in which we spend 90% of our time indoors, often watching TV or using computers. Although this makes life easier, it doesn't satisfy our basic need for a balanced multi-sensory diet.

‘18% of our body is skin, and if we don't stimulate it appropriately it can lead to stress and higher blood pressure,' said Dr. Spence.


Tactile brands


Vaseline Intensive Care

Brands have based entire advertising campaigns on touch. Vaseline Intensive Care is a deeply sensual brand, with a campaign that highlights the amazing properties of human skin and how it responds to touch.

The temptation to touch or fiddle is sometimes overwhelming, even when we're not conscious of it. Maltesers’ long-running international campaign is based on the chocolate’s physical attributes: the light spheres bring out consumers’ playful sides.

Retail environments present perhaps the most obvious opportunity for brands to engage in tactile marketing.

Touch in interior and retail design can be used to accentuate the personality of a place, or brand. It can convey a sense of comfort, or malaise. Furry, animal-print wallpaper in nightclubs speaks volumes - ‘Run!’. Hardness can convey solidity and supportiveness, but equally, it can feel rejecting. Softness confers comfort and friendliness, but can also suggest decadence.

Timberland, Tokyo

Timberland’s new touch-friendly stores evoke the natural world, through wooden tree-like sculptures, and reinforce the brand's credentials as being environmentally in-touch.


Touch as a discriminator of quality

A far cry from the old model of ‘Do not touch’, some new stores encourage nothing but touch, because this is one of the most important ways to gauge the quality and authenticity of goods. Now that many goods are comoditised, everything seems equal to our visual senses, so touch is more important as a discriminator.

You can’t buy anything at Tokyo’s Sample Lab , which opened in July 2007; all members can do is handle and sample new products – and, of course, review them to generate word of mouth.

In Room 414 at the Westin Philadelphia, developed to showcase the work of local designers, everything you touch is for sale.

Room 414


Marketing mashups

Marketers have borrowed from other disciplines, including tactile trends in art and design. Artists have branched out into vinyl toys, as another outlet for expression, and brands, such as shoe company Onitsuka Tiger, have followed suit.

Recently, fans couldn’t get enough of special edition platinum Adios and Ciao Ciao toys, which celebrate a new collaboration between Onitsuka Tiger and Japanese-inspired lifestyle brand tokidoki, purveyors of ultra-desirable T-shirts, toys, bags and iPod skins.

Tokidoki Adios toy


Brands can learn from the haptic tools used by theme parks and console games, whose whole business is experience. Walt Disney Imagineering uses experiential storytelling to create worlds that people can enter and touch. In theme park attractions, a ‘molecular manipulation’ technique can deliver a computer-regulated puff of air to spook visitors into thinking there’s something right behind them.

Porsche has licensed production of a Porsche 911 Turbo wireless wheel for Playstation 3 and PC games. The steering wheel, designed to Porsche quality specifications, is top-grade leather and hand-stitched, for an authentic feel.


Touchy feely tech

Although technology and touch have not had close associations in the past, touchy feely technology is the way of the future.

Nokia, for example, is committed to tactile technology. The company has just developed a Haptikos ‘touch feedback’ touchscreen. This means when you press a key on the screen, it clicks under your finger with exactly the same sort of fingertip feedback as if you’d pressed a conventional keyboard key.

‘So what?’ you may ask, but there is some satisfaction to be gained from typing and getting a tactile response. Sometimes, it’s the details that matter. Apple are also interested in this technology, and they have always been sticklers for design details, to their credit and fortune.

In December 2007, Apple filed a patent for a multitasking touchscreen that would enable a new device that integrates both games and a media player, Engadget reports. Depending on whether they tap the device or exert more prolonged pressure, users could be directed to different applications. The hybrid device doesn’t exist yet, but the patent suggests there's hope for a gaming iPod Touch in the near future.

The University of Geneva’s HAPTEX research project is investigating ways to let people ‘touch’ virtual textiles through a haptic interface. Users can ‘manipulate’ virtual textiles and see and feel the effects of the changes. What they actually touch is a computer model of the fabric, but the sensation of actually feeling material is said to be realistic.

Shinsegae Department Store in South Korea is already trialing a groundbreaking online store, which allows shoppers to actually try on clothes for size. Using data from a 3-D body scan, each shopper has an avatar which reflects his or her actual body shape. Combine scanning technology with HAPTEX technology, and shoppers could experience a new level of verisimilitude and even feel the fabric!



The Free Hugs Movement adjures people to get closer to one another. The fact that it has gained traction worldwide shows that people are actually receptive to physical contact from random strangers! Now, that's a worry.

Facebook's Beacon: The perils of social advertising on the people-powered web

Given the size of the social media audience (373 million, globally, in 2007 and projected to rise to over a billion by 2012 - Strategy Analytics) it's no surprise that advertisers are keen to leverage the opportunity. Relative to the audience size, social media are underexploited, but they present unique challenges, which even the gurus of the genre find perplexing.

Facebook recently launched its new social advertising programme, Social Ads. One part of the system, Beacon, got off to a bumpy start. Within a few weeks of its introduction in November, users had clubbed together to create an online petition lambasting the social network for betraying their trust.

Beacon enabled Facebook's 40-or-so commercial partners to track purchases made by Facebook members. These purchases were then highlighted in marketing feeds to the buyers' friends. Surprise Christmas presents were revealed by Overstock.com and users' actual movie viewing habits were disclosed through Fandango.com and Blockbuster.com.

Facebook soon issued an apology to users, quickly realising that it would have to introduce an opt-in for Beacon, as opposed to the opt-out system, which members said was unclear. The trouble with opt-in for companies is that it tends to reduce participation, but better to forgo some dollars than risk a mass exodus from the community. The changes were announced on 29 November.

I'm glad Facebook salvaged the situation, just about in time. Social Ads is not a bad idea at all. It's based on observation of how how Facebook members share information with each other, how they use and respond to news feeds on the site. As such, it was intended not to be too much of an imposition, but to complement existing consumer behaviour, which is a good thing.

Lots of people have been talking about the privacy issue. Clearly this is a factor, but privacy is not as big a deal to social network users as it's made out to be. If Facebook members were that concerned about privacy, they wouldn't post quite so much information in the public domain, and they might just have made the effort to check what was going on with the Social Ads programme. There was an opt-out option. They didn't see it. Most young people wouldn't even have looked.

The main issue, I believe, was that, while it may seem that Facebook friends like to share just about everything, from which Heroes character they are to their Top Friends, or ideal partner, they don't, in fact, like to share EVERYTHING.

What's so good about the online environment is that you can control your 'appearance'. You can present yourself exactly as you like. That means you pick a good-looking photo for your social profiles (or get an OK one touched up to look human on one of the many new online photo manipulation sites e.g. pixoo). You create an attractive avatar, or some symbol that unleashes the 'real' you inside. You challenge your friends to Scrabulous, as a way to demonstrate your hidden talent. Everything that's shared is a social particle that says something about you and enables you to vie for popularity within your peer group. You don't necessarily want your friends to know that you watched some sappy film last night, when you pride yourself on being a film buff. You almost certainly don't want to disclose 'surprise' gifts in advance.



The Beacon debacle also highlighted just how powerful a force people power on the web is. Owners of social networks and online worlds can't be too controlling, or the residents will unite! MoveOn.org, which organised the Facebook petition, rapidly achieved its objectives. It's not the first mass movement. Free Ryzom was a campaign by residents of the online virtual world Ryzom to buy their world, when the owners got into financial trouble. Though they didn't succeed in the purchase, they raised a hell of a lot of money. The spirit of the movement lives on as the Virtual Citizenship Association, which looks out for the interests of citizens across the web.

Search

Online search is huge. Gargantuan. It's the jumping off point for the Internet's millions of users. Google is the biggest brand on the planet, within 10 years of its launch.

A lot of people using search aren't looking for something new. They're trying to find their way back to places they've already been. According to online ad company Atlas, 71% of paid search clicks are of this nature. People are navigating, as opposed to exploring. Search is becoming a giant, visual, interactive map, helping us navigate our lives and the body of human knowledge.

Google has blazed a trail with Universal Search, recently introduced in Australia. The system combines listings from video, images, news and book searches, along with traditional search. If you haven't already found your way to the old vertical search options in Google (search Images, News, Maps, Groups, Scholar etc. - right above the search field, start here, then expand your horizons!)

Google has also just released an integrated application for the iPhone and iPod touch. The webapp allows users to access to Google search, Gmail, Calendar and Reader applications in one place. Google remembers where you are and gives relevant, localised search results - all formatted for your iPhone.

As the out and out market leader, commanding around 80% of the paid search market, Google can afford to commit time to growing the search market. As such, it comes across as being rather philanthropic (particularly in countries where it's not subject to the pressures of controlling governments) because it's constantly conducting experiments, with the help of users, to improve the experience of search. From contextual search to short cuts, Google is always looking for new ways to solve problems. If you want to participate in Google's various experiments to improve search, check out Google Experimental

But Google isn't alone in its desire to improve. New visual tools, meta-searches and vertical search engines are making navigation much more intuitive. Search Crystal, which allows users to compare multiple engines, including images, video, social news and RSS feeds, is a clever tool, which can be embedded as a widget on your website, or on Facebook. Again, it's in beta mode right now, so get using it and tell them how to make it better!


Search Advertising

Unsurprisingly, search + directories, worth around $600m in 2007, is the largest category of online advertising. Search + directories accounted for 45% of all online adspend in quarter 2 2007 (IAB). Banners and rich media were 28% of spend and classifieds, 27%. Search adspend has risen considerably in the past five years, accounting for just 20% of expenditure in 2002. Strong growth is predicted, with Google estimating market growth at around 30-40% next year (SMH 15.11.07), which is conservative compared to some projections.

Within paid search, Google's user-friendly AdWords is the dominant player. Advertisers assign keywords to their ads and when one of those words is used in a search, the ad may appear next to the results. The positioning of ads is determined by a number of factors, governed by a 'quality score'. This factors in how relevant the ad's copy is to the content on the advertiser's website, and, the click-through rate from the ad. Advertisers pay when people click through to their ads.

Such is the influence of Google AdWords that both Facebook and Yahoo! have used the system to promote their own advertising platforms. Yahoo's sponsored search Panama has recently undergone a facelift, with the introduction of a quality score. It seems they're keen to address gripes about user-unfriendliness. 'Easy' and 'simple' are duly stressed, with a promise to get your campaign online in minutes in 5 easy steps.