Second Life is for freaks

To most people, who've never explored one, Second Life, Entropia Universe and other virtual worlds are a freakshow. The weird and wonderful avatars are just weird and the people they represent are thought to be social lepers in real life.

The view is that Second Life detracts from your first life.

A parallel could be drawn with attitudes to gaming in the early nineties, when adults who played computer games were dismissed as geeks. Playstation's classic TV spot Double Life captured the subversive nature of gameplay. It's still one of my favourite ads ever.



Playstation: Double Life

Now mums around the world are the people most likely to play online casual games and Nintendo's Wii has made console gaming ubiquitous.

Virtual worlds will, I believe, also reach a 'tipping point' when they're seen to enhance your social life. Web users are already 'getting' social networks like Facebook - and virtual worlds have a strong social networking component. In time, people will get that virtual and real lives needn't be separate at all. In fact, kids are already demonstrating this.

Virtual worlds like Whyville, Habbo Hotel, Webkinz and Club Penguin have kids and teens in their thrall.

Webkinz screenshot

Real cuddly toys kids are given for Christmas come to life in the Webkinz world. Children set up home, take care of their pets, with the help of happy meters and hunger meters and chat and play with other owners.



Whyville screenshot

Whyville residents learn about science, the environment and money management and go round in Toyota's Scion cars. They can write for the town newspaper or take a helicopter tour of the world.

Needless to say, many kids, for whom the highlight of the week may be a trip to the skatepark, followed by pizza, excellent as both may be, find that virtual worlds offer a new level of freedom.




In the US, in 2007, nearly a quarter of Internet users aged 3 to 17 used virtual worlds at least once a month, eMarketer reports and strong growth is predicted.

Kids who've grown up using virtual worlds won't have the same prejudices older generations have towards these environments. The future of the Internet is entwined with virtual worlds. The semantic web will be something like a mix of a hypercharged Google Earth with all the information on the net in rich context.

Why not take a trip with Synthtravels, the virtual world travel agency and begin exploring? (It can be hard to find the action if you take a cursory look without a guide, as populations are still relatively small.) Whether you're interested in fashion, architecture, thrills, or you're just curious, there's a tour for you. Go on, hang down with the freaks and ghouls!

Hero Archetypes in Shag, Shoot or Marry?

I’ve worked at a number of London ad agencies and can confidently say that the one thing they’ve had in common is a dedication, in their downtime, to the forced choice game Shag, Shoot or Marry?. It needs little explanation: three people are presented to a player and they have to assign a fate to each.

As we’re in the throes of the silly season, it seems appropriately inappropriate to discuss the appeal of this peculiar obsession. Why it should be so popular (or rather, prevalent, being reviled as much as it's relished) in London, I'm not sure. Perhaps it's an outlet for the more reserved, understated types to unleash their inner sex god.

It’s a social game and Advertising is a social industry. It’s a mating game and Advertising has its fair share of flirting. It’s amenable to cultural adaptation, which is a prerequisite of any self-respecting entertainment property in a customisable world. For example, it’s also known as The Cliff Game to those who'd rather push than fire guns. Punch, Pash or Partner is the chosen vernacular on Australian Big Brother Friday Night Live.

In keeping with another media trend, the game is a transmedia property. It also exists as a board game (Marry, Date or Dump), a radio gameshow on Howard Stern in the US and now a Facebook widget (Bed, Wed or Dead), so you can torment your friends. Clearly, the caper is well adjusted to the digital ‘Noughties’, as this decade is known, apparently.

But, I suggest, the real reason behind the game’s popularity lies in its pandering to the tensions inherent in the optimal mating strategies of men and women. It delivers vicariously the highs and lows of the dating game, like a potted version of Gossip Girl, or Entourage. Short-term vs. long-term strategies are in evidence.

Darwin’s theory of sexual selection holds that, for men and women, the greater the ‘investment in offspring’, the choosier the subject is when selecting a partner. In contrast, casual sex is chosen to be more promiscuous and competitive, in other words, trophy dates.

In The Evolution of Desire, D. M. Buss outlines the theory that for short-term affairs, women should opt for fit, dominant men, or ‘cads’ (purveyors of good genes), whereas marriage candidates should include nurturing men, or ‘dads’ (purveyors of care and resources).

According to academics at the University of Michigan’s Institute of Social Research, the two kinds of men correspond to archetypes of heroes in romantic fiction. One is the daring, promiscuous ‘dark hero’, or outlaw; the other is the kindly ‘proper hero’.

In their study, which exposed female undergraduates to the characters via passages from romantic novels, women said they’d prefer the dark heroes for short relationships, but found the proper heroes more likeable - candidates for marriage. The shorter the relationship, the greater was their preference for dark heroes.

The Hero and the Outlaw are also Jungian Brand Archetypes. I wonder if the game would have the same appeal if applied to suitable brands? …I’ll go find that cliff.

No Sex Please, We're (Still) British

A poll, originally published in The Times (UK), perfectly captures a national trait for understatement, which, perhaps even more than the Union Jack, is a particle of ‘Britishness’. While the British are increasingly becoming known for binge drinking and, thanks to Little Britain, a lady (lay-dee) is more commonly thought to be a moustachioed transvestite, the old reserve is still in evidence.

According to the poll, the most shocking public behaviours in Britain are nudity (37%), wearing a hoodie (12%), displays of affection (11%), breast feeding (10%), having a bad ringtone (8%), arguing (8%), drinking alcohol (7%), dropping litter (3%) and smoking (2%) (Brainmail). Not being one for public displays of affection myself, I find this amusing.

While it probably wouldn’t be a good thing for us all to adopt the values of Viz’s Victorian Dad, or to clamp down on those pesky nursing mums, it’s interesting to note a resurgence in grace and deportment. This backlash against binge drinking culture is as much media driven as consumer led, but it's beginning to gain traction.

www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/littlebritain

In 2006, a ‘social experiment’ transformed Britain’s worst booze hounds into paragons of sophistication. The girls were spirited away to Eggleston Hall Finishing School for Young Ladies for the reality TV show Ladette to Lady.

For some participants, the experience was life changing. For young viewers, it highlighted the benefits of deportment where it really counts – their looks. Several of the female beer monsters reported losing considerable amounts of weight. Unsurprisingly, cutting back from the customary 20-pub-a-night pub crawl resulted in significant calorie reduction!

www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/abfab

Joanna Lumley, interviewed on Parkinson in October, has called on young ones in the UK to behave better, so as to be more successful in life. In a rather ironic way, she’s the ideal spokesperson, best known for her outrageous antics as Patsy Stone in Absolutely Fabulous and poster child to several generations of female party animals.

The actress, who, in real life, is incredibly poised and articulate, has written a foreward to a reissued book called The Magic Key to Charm. It draws on old-fashioned values and furnishes binge-drinking lasses with the skills to become more ladylike.

And, given that throwing up in the gutter is not a good look, particularly when the photos are instantly plastered all over Bebo, or Facebook, this could be very good advice.

Life isn't 'real' without brands

Advertising has been regarded as a manipulative influence, a 'hidden persuader'. Some went so far as to say that advertising created a distorted reality in which people were forced to lead inauthentic lives. Now brands are part of the social fabric, part of our collective social memories. They belong as much to consumers as to marketers.

Branded properties have become social particles, which people use for communication and self-expression. Once oxymorons, 'authentic consumption' and even 'caring consumption' have become acceptable contradictions. In other words, 'I shop, therefore I am.'

The bad news for marketers is they no longer own their brands. But, on the upside, brands have more opportunities than ever to enter consumers’ lives, provided they're ‘real’, that is, in context. Instead of interrupting conversations, brands need to be interesting enough to be part of the conversation, which isn't easy if you're a FMCG product. But any brand can generate interest, it may just have to swallow its pride and take a bit part in the story it creates. The trick is to integrate in a relevant way, so you're not creating entertainment for entertainment's sake, but also selling product.


Get Real

Today, for the majority of youngish people, it’s almost inconceivable to have a world without brands, to the extent that when social media company Bebo, excluded brands from the online TV show Kate Modern, viewers voted that brands should be shown, provided they were in context and hence ‘real’.




Express Yourself

With or without corporate consent, consumers manipulate brands for their own self-expression. One instance of this is customisation. By allowing people to personalise their trainers in its origami-themed Mexico 66 online store, Onitsuka Tiger helps customers experiment with fashion design to develop their own take on the brand.

Companies are developing new products with consumers, not through traditional, stilted research methods, but more organic discussion. Chase Manhattan began a dialogue with US students on Facebook to find out how they would use a youth-targeted rewards-based credit card. Discovering that they gave their points to charity, the bank created a Facebook credit card, the Chase +1 Student MasterCard, which facilitates donating through ‘Karma points’.


Show you care

The Chase MasterCard illustrates ‘caring consumption’, which has become a convenient way to change the world, without compromising on your lifestyle. It’s the premise of JWT’s Change The World 9 to 5 campaign, which empowers people to make a difference, through making activism seem less daunting.

No matter how thoughtlessly you consume, you can still care thanks to a campaign for the Belgian League for the Blind www.ablindcall.be, which leverages the fact that we’re all prone to making accidental calls when our mobiles aren’t locked. Mobile users are being encouraged to add the 'A Blind Call' telephone number to their contacts list. Every time they make an accidental call on that number, a donation is given to the charity.


Branded entertainment

Advertising and entertainment have blurred to the point where people increasingly don’t distinguish between the two - it's all part of life. It’s not that they don’t know when they’re being marketed to, it’s that they often don’t care. Provided they’re being entertained or given something useful, they’re happy to take on board branded content, from advergames, such as adidas' OriginsFestival, a game that lets you create your own ideal music festival, to branded social applications, such as the Sprite SIPS character on Facebook.

OriginsFestival


While consumers may not distinguish between advertising and entertainment (when it's good), brands clearly need to maintain the distinction between entertaining and selling and they must get the balance right.

The branded microseries Sunsilk's Lovebites integrates the product into an ongoing drama. There are plenty of other opportunities to convey product information, e.g. via the website, or traditional advertising, but if you want to create engaging content, people's lives are usually more interesting than shampoo.

Burger King's upcoming Buger King, The Movie likewise creates drama around flatmates, who happen to live above a Burger King restaurant. Whether or not this will fly, after years of shoving flame grilled whoppers under our noses, has yet to be seen. The company's previous foray into entertainment - the leftfield Subservient Chicken, which web users could command to do their bidding - was undoubtedly popular and demonstrated the 'have it your way' strategy, but its effect on sales is less clear. Personally, any company that lets me take control of a guy in a chicken suit, is a winner in my book. But that's just me.

Subservient Chicken


When corporates use people powered media they tread a fine line, open to criticsm that they're hijacking an environment they don't understand. By engaging audiences in co-creation they can avoid such criticism. Nike’s Chain, part of the Joga Bonito campaign, had football fans film and post online footage of their own ball skills. The only condition was that the ball had to enter the screen on the left and exit on the right. When the clips were put together, they created a chain linking people across continents and cultures – a perfect instantiation of the beautiful game.

Joga Bonito


Social Particles

Brands and branded entertainment properties have become ‘social particles’. What consumers share with their friends, through their social, real-life and mobile networks says something about them. Branded material can enhance their social standing. Being the first to pick up on a new viral campaign or widget, or being the top scorer amongst your mates on a branded online game, confers status.

Brands have become integral to life, but this comes at a price. There's much more competition. If you’re an FMCG brand and you think your competitive set is FMCG, think again. It’s the universe of all things entertaining, useful, fun, or thought-provoking.

If you're a brand that doesn't lend itself to laugh-out-loud entertainment, or deep and meaningful self-expression, where do you fit in - above, below, within, or to the side of consumers' lives - and how and where do you create drama? Is your product really the most interesting thing? A relevant, supporting role in a good movie is better than the starring role in something no one watches or cares about.

Want it...need it

Have you ever observed that, when you try not to think about something, you can't help thinking about it even more?

Cravings are linked to restraint. Anything subject to societal, or personal, restraint, in other words anything good that's deemed 'bad for you', is a candidate for a craving. Chocolate springs to mind.

Well, research suggests that it's pointless to fight food cravings, particularly when it comes to chocolate.

A study conducted at Hertfordshire University found that women who were specifically asked not to think about chocolate ate 50% more than those who were encouraged to talk freely about their predilections.

134 students were asked to either suppress all thoughts about chocolate, or talk about how much they enjoyed it. They were then asked to select from two confectionery brands, believing that it was this choice the researchers were monitoring. But how much they ate was measured instead.

Women who'd tried not to think about chocolate ate, on average, eight chocolates, while those who had talked freely about it ate five. The research, which was led by Dr. James Erskine, was published online in Appetite journal in October 2007.

The findings tie in with other research, which indicates that when you try to suppress a thought, this often has quite the opposite effect.

Some studies suggest that disrupting the mental imagery associated with cravings - visualising something else - can help. A study by Professor Marika Tiggemann and Dr Eva Kemps at Flinders University in Adelaide indicates that, instead of trying not to think about chocolate, people were more successful in reducing their cravings if they imagined a completely different object, such as a rose.

The research is published in the June 2007 edition of the Journal of Applied Psychology. It follows an earlier Flinders University study, published in Appetite (September 2005), which indicates that craving intensity relates to how vivid the food image is, with visual senses contributing more to cravings than any other sense, including smell.

Tiggemann and Kemps' work is geared to helping overweight people cope with cravings. Their research and the Hertfordshire University study have clear implications for people on diets. It doesn't pay to set unrealistic goals, such as resolving to cut out fattening foods altogether. For some people, eating a small quantity of the food they desire may help dispel the craving.


Cravings are individual and elicit different responses in different people

Cravings grip us all to some degree, but the cause and experience varies from person to person. It's a complex subject and a number of factors come into play, such as whether the suppressed thought has a high emotional content, how much it matters to people, whether the craving is physically based, caused by a nutrient deficiency, or depression related.



Differences have been observed between males and females. Women tend to crave sweet things, whereas men are more likely to desire savoury, usually salty or fatty, foods. These tendencies are also seen in 'comfort food', with men generally preferring hearty foods and women opting for quick, usually sweet, foods.

There are also differences in how men and women respond to cravings. In the Hertfordshire University study, men ate more chocolate if they spoke about it.

I wonder if perhaps this had something to do with the different level of craving experienced by men, compared to women. Perhaps, overall, their cravings weren't as strong, so restraint was less of an issue. By talking about it, it was more top-of-mind, so they ate more.

On the other hand, without reading too much into it, the findings may shed light on the different tendencies of men and women to talk through issues. In qualitative research, I've heard women admit that talking through problems is in itself cathartic, and helps reduce the problem. (In the Hertfordshire research, it seemed that talking about chocolate was the next best thing to eating it, and tended to reduce the cravings.) Anecdotally, men are more likely to want to fix the problem immediately, and if they can't, then talking about it stresses them out.

There you go. I'm off in search of chocolate. I've been trying not to think about it, and writing about wanting it is doing nothing to dispel the craving. Ultimately, though, I feel confident that a small indulgence now will pay off.

Touch

Our connection with the world is less direct than ever before because more of our information is mediated, usually via the TV or a computer screen. Visually overloaded, but sensorily deprived, we’re touch-hungry. The societal trend towards self-indulgence is partly a reaction to our biological need for touch. Increasingly, we spoil ourselves with luxury as a proxy for contact.

Our need for multi-sensory stimulation represents a big opportunity for brands. From the iPod Touch to a more tactile focus in interior design and bedlinen, brands are helping us re-connect with the world on a more visceral level. Branding is primarily about creating an emotional connection with consumers, and, touch, along with smell, is a highly emotional, immediate sense.

The way the brain processes information sheds light on the immediacy of touch. Touch stimulates us powerfully on an unconscious level: think of a tap on the shoulder, or the automatic response to withdraw your hand when you touch a hot stove. If the information that reaches our brain is based on physical senses, our reactions are much faster. This is the premise for Purdue University's experimental touch-based warning devices in steering wheels, designed to alert drivers to dangers, such as other vehicles in their blind spot.



Touch is the first sense humans develop in the womb. Babies need to be touched, otherwise their development is inhibited. Touch is fundamental to feeling comfortable, or distinctly uncomfortable. Some people like to greet their friends with a bear hug, while, for others, an air kiss is almost too much contact. A cosy, cashmere sweater can make all the difference to a winter day, not just in regulating temperature, but mood.

Research has demonstrated the positive benefits of touch in promoting animal health and human health. The Touch Research Institute at the University of Miami has conducted over 100 studies of subjects of all ages, which show the effects of touch therapy in alleviating depression, reducing pain and improving immune function, among other benefits.

Various scientific studies have shown that touch stimulates the release of endorphins (the body's natural pain killers). In other words, when a mum hugs her injured child, this can literally make it better.

But despite the demonstrable benefits, the sense of touch is being neglected. Dr Charles Spence of Oxford University, author of the ICI report on the Secrets of the Senses, warned that sensory deprivation in modern society is affecting people's health and wellbeing.

'We have moved away from an outdoor physical lifestyle to one in which we spend 90% of our time indoors, often watching TV or using computers. Although this makes life easier, it doesn't satisfy our basic need for a balanced multi-sensory diet.

‘18% of our body is skin, and if we don't stimulate it appropriately it can lead to stress and higher blood pressure,' said Dr. Spence.


Tactile brands


Vaseline Intensive Care

Brands have based entire advertising campaigns on touch. Vaseline Intensive Care is a deeply sensual brand, with a campaign that highlights the amazing properties of human skin and how it responds to touch.

The temptation to touch or fiddle is sometimes overwhelming, even when we're not conscious of it. Maltesers’ long-running international campaign is based on the chocolate’s physical attributes: the light spheres bring out consumers’ playful sides.

Retail environments present perhaps the most obvious opportunity for brands to engage in tactile marketing.

Touch in interior and retail design can be used to accentuate the personality of a place, or brand. It can convey a sense of comfort, or malaise. Furry, animal-print wallpaper in nightclubs speaks volumes - ‘Run!’. Hardness can convey solidity and supportiveness, but equally, it can feel rejecting. Softness confers comfort and friendliness, but can also suggest decadence.

Timberland, Tokyo

Timberland’s new touch-friendly stores evoke the natural world, through wooden tree-like sculptures, and reinforce the brand's credentials as being environmentally in-touch.


Touch as a discriminator of quality

A far cry from the old model of ‘Do not touch’, some new stores encourage nothing but touch, because this is one of the most important ways to gauge the quality and authenticity of goods. Now that many goods are comoditised, everything seems equal to our visual senses, so touch is more important as a discriminator.

You can’t buy anything at Tokyo’s Sample Lab , which opened in July 2007; all members can do is handle and sample new products – and, of course, review them to generate word of mouth.

In Room 414 at the Westin Philadelphia, developed to showcase the work of local designers, everything you touch is for sale.

Room 414


Marketing mashups

Marketers have borrowed from other disciplines, including tactile trends in art and design. Artists have branched out into vinyl toys, as another outlet for expression, and brands, such as shoe company Onitsuka Tiger, have followed suit.

Recently, fans couldn’t get enough of special edition platinum Adios and Ciao Ciao toys, which celebrate a new collaboration between Onitsuka Tiger and Japanese-inspired lifestyle brand tokidoki, purveyors of ultra-desirable T-shirts, toys, bags and iPod skins.

Tokidoki Adios toy


Brands can learn from the haptic tools used by theme parks and console games, whose whole business is experience. Walt Disney Imagineering uses experiential storytelling to create worlds that people can enter and touch. In theme park attractions, a ‘molecular manipulation’ technique can deliver a computer-regulated puff of air to spook visitors into thinking there’s something right behind them.

Porsche has licensed production of a Porsche 911 Turbo wireless wheel for Playstation 3 and PC games. The steering wheel, designed to Porsche quality specifications, is top-grade leather and hand-stitched, for an authentic feel.


Touchy feely tech

Although technology and touch have not had close associations in the past, touchy feely technology is the way of the future.

Nokia, for example, is committed to tactile technology. The company has just developed a Haptikos ‘touch feedback’ touchscreen. This means when you press a key on the screen, it clicks under your finger with exactly the same sort of fingertip feedback as if you’d pressed a conventional keyboard key.

‘So what?’ you may ask, but there is some satisfaction to be gained from typing and getting a tactile response. Sometimes, it’s the details that matter. Apple are also interested in this technology, and they have always been sticklers for design details, to their credit and fortune.

In December 2007, Apple filed a patent for a multitasking touchscreen that would enable a new device that integrates both games and a media player, Engadget reports. Depending on whether they tap the device or exert more prolonged pressure, users could be directed to different applications. The hybrid device doesn’t exist yet, but the patent suggests there's hope for a gaming iPod Touch in the near future.

The University of Geneva’s HAPTEX research project is investigating ways to let people ‘touch’ virtual textiles through a haptic interface. Users can ‘manipulate’ virtual textiles and see and feel the effects of the changes. What they actually touch is a computer model of the fabric, but the sensation of actually feeling material is said to be realistic.

Shinsegae Department Store in South Korea is already trialing a groundbreaking online store, which allows shoppers to actually try on clothes for size. Using data from a 3-D body scan, each shopper has an avatar which reflects his or her actual body shape. Combine scanning technology with HAPTEX technology, and shoppers could experience a new level of verisimilitude and even feel the fabric!



The Free Hugs Movement adjures people to get closer to one another. The fact that it has gained traction worldwide shows that people are actually receptive to physical contact from random strangers! Now, that's a worry.

Facebook's Beacon: The perils of social advertising on the people-powered web

Given the size of the social media audience (373 million, globally, in 2007 and projected to rise to over a billion by 2012 - Strategy Analytics) it's no surprise that advertisers are keen to leverage the opportunity. Relative to the audience size, social media are underexploited, but they present unique challenges, which even the gurus of the genre find perplexing.

Facebook recently launched its new social advertising programme, Social Ads. One part of the system, Beacon, got off to a bumpy start. Within a few weeks of its introduction in November, users had clubbed together to create an online petition lambasting the social network for betraying their trust.

Beacon enabled Facebook's 40-or-so commercial partners to track purchases made by Facebook members. These purchases were then highlighted in marketing feeds to the buyers' friends. Surprise Christmas presents were revealed by Overstock.com and users' actual movie viewing habits were disclosed through Fandango.com and Blockbuster.com.

Facebook soon issued an apology to users, quickly realising that it would have to introduce an opt-in for Beacon, as opposed to the opt-out system, which members said was unclear. The trouble with opt-in for companies is that it tends to reduce participation, but better to forgo some dollars than risk a mass exodus from the community. The changes were announced on 29 November.

I'm glad Facebook salvaged the situation, just about in time. Social Ads is not a bad idea at all. It's based on observation of how how Facebook members share information with each other, how they use and respond to news feeds on the site. As such, it was intended not to be too much of an imposition, but to complement existing consumer behaviour, which is a good thing.

Lots of people have been talking about the privacy issue. Clearly this is a factor, but privacy is not as big a deal to social network users as it's made out to be. If Facebook members were that concerned about privacy, they wouldn't post quite so much information in the public domain, and they might just have made the effort to check what was going on with the Social Ads programme. There was an opt-out option. They didn't see it. Most young people wouldn't even have looked.

The main issue, I believe, was that, while it may seem that Facebook friends like to share just about everything, from which Heroes character they are to their Top Friends, or ideal partner, they don't, in fact, like to share EVERYTHING.

What's so good about the online environment is that you can control your 'appearance'. You can present yourself exactly as you like. That means you pick a good-looking photo for your social profiles (or get an OK one touched up to look human on one of the many new online photo manipulation sites e.g. pixoo). You create an attractive avatar, or some symbol that unleashes the 'real' you inside. You challenge your friends to Scrabulous, as a way to demonstrate your hidden talent. Everything that's shared is a social particle that says something about you and enables you to vie for popularity within your peer group. You don't necessarily want your friends to know that you watched some sappy film last night, when you pride yourself on being a film buff. You almost certainly don't want to disclose 'surprise' gifts in advance.



The Beacon debacle also highlighted just how powerful a force people power on the web is. Owners of social networks and online worlds can't be too controlling, or the residents will unite! MoveOn.org, which organised the Facebook petition, rapidly achieved its objectives. It's not the first mass movement. Free Ryzom was a campaign by residents of the online virtual world Ryzom to buy their world, when the owners got into financial trouble. Though they didn't succeed in the purchase, they raised a hell of a lot of money. The spirit of the movement lives on as the Virtual Citizenship Association, which looks out for the interests of citizens across the web.

Search

Online search is huge. Gargantuan. It's the jumping off point for the Internet's millions of users. Google is the biggest brand on the planet, within 10 years of its launch.

A lot of people using search aren't looking for something new. They're trying to find their way back to places they've already been. According to online ad company Atlas, 71% of paid search clicks are of this nature. People are navigating, as opposed to exploring. Search is becoming a giant, visual, interactive map, helping us navigate our lives and the body of human knowledge.

Google has blazed a trail with Universal Search, recently introduced in Australia. The system combines listings from video, images, news and book searches, along with traditional search. If you haven't already found your way to the old vertical search options in Google (search Images, News, Maps, Groups, Scholar etc. - right above the search field, start here, then expand your horizons!)

Google has also just released an integrated application for the iPhone and iPod touch. The webapp allows users to access to Google search, Gmail, Calendar and Reader applications in one place. Google remembers where you are and gives relevant, localised search results - all formatted for your iPhone.

As the out and out market leader, commanding around 80% of the paid search market, Google can afford to commit time to growing the search market. As such, it comes across as being rather philanthropic (particularly in countries where it's not subject to the pressures of controlling governments) because it's constantly conducting experiments, with the help of users, to improve the experience of search. From contextual search to short cuts, Google is always looking for new ways to solve problems. If you want to participate in Google's various experiments to improve search, check out Google Experimental

But Google isn't alone in its desire to improve. New visual tools, meta-searches and vertical search engines are making navigation much more intuitive. Search Crystal, which allows users to compare multiple engines, including images, video, social news and RSS feeds, is a clever tool, which can be embedded as a widget on your website, or on Facebook. Again, it's in beta mode right now, so get using it and tell them how to make it better!


Search Advertising

Unsurprisingly, search + directories, worth around $600m in 2007, is the largest category of online advertising. Search + directories accounted for 45% of all online adspend in quarter 2 2007 (IAB). Banners and rich media were 28% of spend and classifieds, 27%. Search adspend has risen considerably in the past five years, accounting for just 20% of expenditure in 2002. Strong growth is predicted, with Google estimating market growth at around 30-40% next year (SMH 15.11.07), which is conservative compared to some projections.

Within paid search, Google's user-friendly AdWords is the dominant player. Advertisers assign keywords to their ads and when one of those words is used in a search, the ad may appear next to the results. The positioning of ads is determined by a number of factors, governed by a 'quality score'. This factors in how relevant the ad's copy is to the content on the advertiser's website, and, the click-through rate from the ad. Advertisers pay when people click through to their ads.

Such is the influence of Google AdWords that both Facebook and Yahoo! have used the system to promote their own advertising platforms. Yahoo's sponsored search Panama has recently undergone a facelift, with the introduction of a quality score. It seems they're keen to address gripes about user-unfriendliness. 'Easy' and 'simple' are duly stressed, with a promise to get your campaign online in minutes in 5 easy steps.

Online success - Big brands get it

It's not just teccy brands that know how to leverage the online environment. The brands reaping the benefits of online marketing are the very same world-famous names we're all familiar with, such as Toyota and Lynx/Axe.

To some extent, the reason for this is that success is autocatalytic, in other words, 'success begets success'. Big, prominent brands that have become part of the social fabric are more likely to succeed in whatever they do, including forays into online marketing. But it's not an automatic rite of passage.

Another thing these brands have in common is that they are committed to integrated, multi-media campaigns. This is true, but somewhat misleading if we're looking to the reasons behind online success. In practice, 'integration' often means that online is the last medium on a marketer's list of campaign mandatories, which somehow complements the TV ad and ticks off the 'let's do some digital' requirement that someone within the organisation is pushing, for their own inscrutable, geeky reasons.

The fundamental principle that guides successful brands online is that the digital space is an integral part of people's lives, complementing real-world relationships and interactions. Social networks have become as ubiquitous as e-mail.

The online environment sets the context for many of the most important conversations in life and for the daily exchanges, which may seem trivial, but help keep us grounded. Brands need to be part of these conversations, or be interesting enough to be the topic of conversation.

Toyota has made its Scion car the hottest virtual wheels in tween online world Whyville. An advergame, Book of Deviants, also promotes the youth-targeted car. Players mobilise midget Deviants (who go round in Scions) to bludgeon Sheeple. The neon green Sheeple blood accumulated goes to fuel a Scion xD factory. Naturally.

Book of Deviants

Toyota has engaged in branded storytelling, in partnership with DC Comics, with Smallville Legends: Justice and Doom. To promote the Yaris, the company created additional Smallville content that ran in place of adbreaks during the TV show, which chronicles the adventures of the teenage Superman. Viewers were also invited to immerse themselves in the Smallville world through an online game, promoted in the idents, which invited them to solve puzzles for the chance to win a 2007 Yaris.

Lynx's Gamekillers is a totally on-brand advergame that's entertaining in its own right. Not only is there the option to play the standard version, but players can customise the characters, choosing to cast hapless friends, or rivals, from real life, as 'Gamekillers' (the people who stop them realising their virtual love interests in the online game).

These brands get it. They offer consumers personalisation, fun and new ways to socialise and improve their social standing. They do it seamlessly, offline and online.

If you build it, will they come?

The Rise of Branded Social Utilities

Marketers can't assume that consumers will flock to their microsites, however lovingly crafted and entertaining they may be. Why? Because people have other places to go, people to see. They're on Facebook, or Bebo if they're in the UK, or perhaps Orkut, in Brazil.

Some brands are realising that they need to go where the punters are and - provide something they'd actually use! Branded social applications are springing up online, albeit rather tentatively. Their success varies according to their usefulness, flexibility, entertainment value and relevance.

Forbes created a handy stock tracker application for Facebook - but made the mistake of forcing users to leave the social network for the Forbes site, prompting criticism from online reviewers.

adidas, sponsor of Major League Soccer in the US, has been more successful with its music widget, which helps fans do what they love doing - participate in and celebrate the soccer seasone. The application enables soccer fans to elect team songs, create audio messages and add them to their MySpace page.

Coca-Cola's new widget www.cokebubbles.com for Joost Internet TV lets online viewers chat about programmes. Of course, you used to be able to come to school/work and talk about last night's essential viewing, but now that every niche interest is indulged online, no one wants to talk to me about Afterworld, or Quarterlife (a web series by the guys behind thirtysomething, now showing on MySpace TV). At least I can find people who watch Heroes.



If you're a branded widgets virgin, you can learn a lot from already successful social utilities. Check out Adonomics for the top Facebook applications. They tend to fall into the following categories:

- action-based communication (poke, pinch, hug - do it on Facebook if you haven't already!) e.g. SuperPoke!
- discover/share content e.g. iLike film network
- gifting and begging e.g. Free Gifts
- self-expression e.g. Graffiti
- causes e.g. Causes
- trivia, lookalikes, fun e.g. Compare People, Quizzes, Food Fight

But bear in mind that what works on Facebook might not work on a more serious, or career-oriented network. Throwing virtual sushi at potential employers doesn't always wash.

Would Socrates have been a blogger?

Socrates never committed his thoughts to paper. For someone who had so many thoughts and who never let a day go by without questioning how he lived and how one should live, this is uncanny.

From what we can glean of this elusive figure from the writings of Plato and other followers, Socrates believed that we should continually question our assumptions. If ever there were a proponent of the living dialogue, the constantly evolving story, Socrates is the poster child. If he were to write down his thoughts, it would perhaps have seemed that this was the end of the story, that the answer was set in stone. Just as Socrates believed that the unexamined life is not worth living, perhaps the 'definitive' text is not worth writing.

Fast forward to the 21st century. Stories are constantly evolving online. Someone posts a blog, say, about the resurgent popularity of Lego, in play, film and executive toys, others comment and Digg it, while others copy the content and aggregate it. Still others pick up the strand and tag it, add photos to it and annotate it. Someone, across the world, thinks the subject matter is perfect for a Google Map and uses Platial to create one, collaboratively, with a friend who has an idea to make the map better. This sparks a business idea and someone creates a start-up, trading in Second Life and selling toys in the real world. And this is not The End.

Socrates was about 2,500 years ahead of his time. Just as he loved the Agora, the Athenian marketplace where all sorts of people congregated to gossip and exchange goods and put the world to rights, I believe he would have loved the blogosphere. With all its faults and typos, it's a living medium, as vibrant as a real marketplace. Everyone is present, in the same way as the Agora was the one place in Athens where all walks of life congregated, plebians and patricians, slaves and masters, men, women and children.

Socrates brought Philosophy down from the Heavens. Web 2.0 has democratised creativity and knowledge.

One criticism Socrates might have had is that the social web could do with a few more discussion leaders, to guide a dialectic (the method of question and answer that Socrates used to dig deeper into issues). Everything moves so fast online that we often don't take enough time to question and define. Crowds, we know, can rush to judgment. Sometimes intervention is required.

Socrates would accost everyday punters in the Agora and ask them, "What is courage?" then keep them talking for as long as they could hold onto their fruit 'n' veg. Some bloggers and online editors are equally adept at keeping the conversation on track. Let's apply more rigour in our discussions and keep asking questions. The blogosphere needs more firestarters, who stick around to stoke the flames.

And when that becomes too daunting, we can always take time out to Twitter about trivialities. I wonder what Socrates would have thought about microblogging?

Game Girls

From time to time, I still come across the opinion that women are less active in the digital world than men. This couldn't be further from the truth.

Women are particularly suited to community-based online environment because of their natural disposition to personal interaction - in other words, they like to talk and they're inclined to sort problems out by talking them through with girlfriends. They have always been at the centre of communities, forming networks to socialise and to achieve personal and collective goals. Online social networks and games are an extension of this.

With traditional family networks eroded by factors like divorce and migration, and longer working hours compromising their social lives, women are reaching out and connecting online. In tandem, social games are evolving to meet their needs, naturally building on real life interactions, so the real world fuses seamlessly with the digital space. From games that simulate workouts and playing musical instruments, to games that double as entertaining car advertisements, this space is getting really interesting. And women are increasingly in the driving seat.



For some time, Internet participation has been split fairly evenly between males and females in many countries. What's more, the sizeable majority of casual online games, including puzzles and card games, are played by women.

In the UK, for example, women aged 18-34 are the most dominant group online (Nielsen Net Ratings, March 2007). 79% of females (almost 19 million women) play games and puzzles online, according to a survey by gaming website Zylom, published in October 2007.

They're also spending more time gaming online. 74% of those questioned spend up to 3 hours a week playing online games, although 17% choose to conceal their gaming habits from friends and family.

Increasingly gaming is combined with social networking and anecdotally, many female gamers have forged lifelong friendships with the people they meet online. The highly popular female-oriented entertainment website and social network iVillage teamed up with the gaming site Pogo earlier this year to deliver over 65 free online games to its 16 million-strong community. They can play alone, or play with other members, while engaging in online chat.

In the US, the Stress Institute and Pogo have been promoting the stress-busting benefits of casual online games to college students in the run-up to exams. According to the Stress Institute, students who take a mental break and clear the mind by engaging in activities such as playing casual games are less likely to experience stress during exams.



Console gaming has traditionally been male oriented, but now, females in Japan have ousted males to become the biggest users of Nintendo’s Wii and DS games consoles, the president of Nintendo Satoru Iwata announced in October. If this trend gains traction globally, it means that women will be driving a move towards even more social and lifestyle-oriented gaming, forcing the games industry to revisit its business models.

Nintendo is ahead of the game. Its new product, Wii Fit, which uses a sensor to register body movement, takes players through a daily routine of yoga, balancing exercises and other fitness activities. Nintendo say the sensor, due to be released in time for Christmas, will cost 8,800 yen ($AU85).

Self-expression

Web 2.0 is fundamentally about self-expression and sharing. It’s getting easier and easier to do both. Even a basic grasp of programming is no longer required to create great-looking content and share it instantly with friends and strangers, next door and across the world.

The latest digital media tools allow you to create personal stories and bring them to life more vividly than ever before. They’re relevant to anyone who has ever shared a photograph, or shot a home movie, or drawn a friend directions to their favourite cafe on the back of an envelope. They make the digital space a seamless extension of our lives.

Scrapblog, created by Carlos Garcia, is an interactive application, which allows people to arrange content – photos, videos or whatever - in attractive online scrapblogs. It gives users full creative leeway to mix content.

Garcia, who presented at MIT’s Emerging Technologies Conference (EmTech), speaks in terms of ‘social objects’. Just as dogs can help initiate conversations between strangers in real life, your online photos act as conversation starters. They may generate comments from other users, which you can respond to. By provoking a dialogue, your digital artefacts effectively facilitate new social connections.




Platial created by Di-Ann Eisnor, is a free online tool that lets you combine your own content, e.g. info about where to go for the best coffee, with mapping services like Google Maps (provides satellite and aerial maps of practically the whole world – down to street level in much of the US). Anyone can register and quickly learn to use it, consumers and businesses.

For example, the company New England Grown uses Platial services to show their community of ethical foodies exactly where and when to go for farmers’ markets and country fairs.

Guillaume Cohen's Veodia allows you to quickly and easily create broadcast quality films for your website. These are available almost instantly for broadcast in real time, or the films can be downloaded at any time.

It’s being used by lecturers to create their own vodcasts and by companies for training, or to communicate with colleagues in remote offices. There’s a free service for bloggers and a subscription service affording greater functionality.

MIT Emerging Technologies Conference - 26th September 2007

Thought Catching

Following on from my musings yesterday about the Thought Catcher, I happened to have lunch with one of the 2007 TR35 winners (Young Innovators Under 35), who is teaching computers to read minds! I asked about the possibility of one day capturing our semi-conscious thoughts and Desney Tan didn’t dismiss the idea, but said that we’re still a long way off. However, I did discover that other science fiction concepts are becoming almost commonplace – for example, popping open the head to treat patients with epilepsy!


Privacy and Security

Also at my table was Anna Lysyanskaya, who is working on securing online privacy. We had a chat about how consumers tend to say that online privacy and security is of paramount importance, but in practice, US consumers, in particular, tend to favour convenience (ultimately, with credit card fraud, they don’t pick up the tab). Until there is stricter legislation in the US, more on a par with Europe, Anna feels that the home market for her innovation may be limited. I hope it opens up and she gets rich. Like many of the TR35, she was charismatic, with a compelling mix of confidence and self-effacement.

Whether or not the consumer demand for privacy systems is there yet, issues of privacy, security and trust were much discussed by speakers and guests at this year’s conference. The panel of ‘Game Changers’, including Kevin Rose, Founder and Chief Architect, Digg, Garrett Camp, who developed the StumbleUpon toolbar, and Tariq Krim, Founder, Netvibes, highlighted the undisputable fact that more and more private data is being provided by users of their sites and other communities like Facebook. Users need to know that the service has integrity, otherwise they will go elsewhere. Online, as elsewhere, communities are built on trust and broken by mistrust.


Like-minded people

In large part, trust comes from knowing you’re dealing with like-minded people in your online communities. Through customisation tools, you can establish clusters of these people. Social news community Digg, for example, provides three levels of customisation, the front page for the masses, a Friends view to access your group’s stories and, to be launched in next few months, a suggestion service, based on Digg’s knowing what you’ve viewed in the past few months. In this instance, users would be trusting Digg to know their behaviour and to make relevant recommendations.

The ‘Discovery Engine’ Stumble Upon helps people establish more clusters of like-minded people, even if they don’t know the person in real life or through an online community. By broadening peer recommendation, Stumble Upon helps people discover more of the web, based on previous reviews and preferences of users judged by the site to have similar tastes. Garrett Camp certainly stumbled upon a great idea - although more by design than chance. eBay acquired the discovery engine in May for around $75 million, according to MIT’s Technology Review.


Advertising in the digital space

Advertising came up as part of the discussion about who’s going to pick up the tab for all the services being provided online. If the marketing world hasn’t yet bought into the idea, lock stock and smoking barrel, that Content is King, it was once more reiterated. Through StumbleUpon, any online communication gets the thumbs-up or thumbs-down, based purely on content, which dictates whether it’s recommended or not. Flash microsites, rich in entertaining content, tended to be most popular, the panelists agreed.

Kevin Rose cited the example of a recent post on Digg called ‘Ways to remodel your kitchen’, which was enjoyable content that naturally spread – lots of users ‘Digged’ it - and made it to the front page where the most popular stories reside. Ad it turned out, it was a blog post by a tile manufacturer, but it was written in the style of social news.


Insomnia

Insomnia was not discussed at the conference, except as small talk with delegates I spoke to when they realised I’d come from Sydney. Insomnia is what I will experience if I don’t log off now. There’s more to come, even from this session, and tomorrow’s another digital dawn.

MIT Emerging Technologies Conference 2007

Part 1: Women in Technology Workshop, 25th September 2007

Yesterday I attended the Women in Technology workshop, part of the 2007 MIT Emerging Technologies conference. It’s keeping me up, or perhaps that’s the jetlag, having travelled for around 24-hours from Sydney just to be here.

Once again I find myself lost for words. They came in the night, assailing me, infuriating me and entertaining me into the small hours. Streams of consciousness, combined with snippets of music. This is what I can remember of it.

Wouldn’t it be unspeakably brilliant if someone were to develop apparatus that automatically captured the thoughts you have in the dead of night, not your dreams, but those snippets of semi-conscious thought we half remember as being touched with genius, but can only partly recall? Not least because, if someone were to create this invention, many of us would be disabused of the notion that we are touched by genius, having seen in the cold light of day what those thoughts actually were.

So, I throw it open to the floor. Make science fiction science fact. Develop the Thought Catcher. Patent it. Sell it. The creative industries will go mad for it.

A brief, but sort-of relevant, random aside…

“1995 is cutting classes...” Last night, this was the musical accompaniment to the Thought Catcher, - a catchy tune, by The Radio Dept. (prominently featured in the Marie Antoinette soundtrack). Director Sofia Coppola has the greatest taste in music. I say that of course because it matches my own, exactly. By namedropping Sofia Coppola, I’m honestly not trying to dance with the stars. I secretly hate it when other people love the same music as I do. It means it’s gone mainstream. My individuality is somehow diminished. Childish I know. I’m thirty four and a half next month.

...which leads me to: the group effect

Incidentally, hating the fact that other people like what you like is not a mainstream attitude. Popularity is the be-all and end-all. Cumulative advantage, liking something just because other people do, is very much on trend (although people do then pretend they ‘discovered’ it, which still allows them to pretend to themselves that they’re individuals). We see it in the popular vote, in social online worlds in which the most bizarre things rapidly gain traction – I’m thinking Charlie the Unicorn, Starburst’s ‘Little Lad Dance’ and Cadbury’s noble gorilla, who has spawned adulation from Facebook fans around the world. Check out YouTube for some delectable randomness.

One of the speakers at the MIT workshop – Heidi Grenek, Xerox Office Group - had a great demonstration of the group effect. A sixth grade science project demonstrated how eighth graders could ‘intimidate’ seventh graders into giving what was very clearly the wrong answer, by asserting their response, loudly and proudly before any younger children got a chance to answer. They would then tow the line, all but one.

The science project involved asking respondents to say, out of three sticks of clearly different lengths depicted on a card, which one was the same length as a stick depicted on a separate card. It was child’s play…in more ways than one.


A voice in the wilderness

What was particularly interesting was that the lone voice, who gave the right answer, had the power to counter-influence the others, provided they delivered their response confidently, in a way that invited the others to change their mind. This happened when a boy asserted: “I may have seen things differently, but the way I see it is…” Great! A lone wolf, a free thinker! The kind of person I want to be! And so they changed their minds in line with his answer.

If however, the dissident voice was soft and apologetic (a lone, grimacing girl in the first group), no one else changed their mind.

The importance of delivery - make it big!

This brings me back to the moral of the story: delivery is all important. People, and females, perhaps, more so than males, too often deliver the right answer with the wrong voice. They lack impact and their ideas get lost.

When pitching an idea, make it big and important. Invite others to buy in. Project a compelling worldview. Fiona Murray, Associate Professor Management, MIT, had observed that women scientists often focus on the small intricacies of their projects when asking for funds, whereas men tend to stress how important and world-changing their ideas are. The scientists tend to get grants in proportion to the expansiveness of their story, not just the merit and likely impact of their work.

Other industries potentially have much to learn from mine: advertising. We’re always pitching the big idea. We’re storytellers and bards of the highest order, or so we should be.



Advice on intrapreneurship



The closing Keynote speaker of the day was Sophie V. Vandebroek, Chief Technology Officer, Xerox; President, Xerox Innovation Group. Xerox came across as a company that creates the right environment for innovation to flourish, through genuinely investing in its people, promoting diversity from within, through various caucus groups, and putting together teams of people from different disciplines. Innovation, it’s often said, occurs at the intersection of disciplines.

Sophie’s tenets regarding innovation in companies – intrapreneurship - were as follows:

It’s all about people.
There are fewer great people out there than there are ideas. Value them always.

Relationships are crucial
This is a point made repeatedly throughout the day. A number of female entrepreneurs had maintained their teams from previous ‘marriages’, going into business with them. In fact, as Maria Cirino, Cofounder and Managing Director, .406 Ventures said, venture capitalists tend to look for established, performing teams, as a key criterion when considering whether to invest in new businesses.

Drive credibility
In order to sell your innovation, you need to drive credibility, for example, by publishing, or collecting the right advocates.
Related to this, is the advice (and I can’t remember who gave this, but it’s important): document your accomplishments, not just your ideas. Unlike ideas, accomplishments are tangible and can be credited to you with more evidence; they help build your credibility.

Dream with your customers
This is not about researching new products or concepts, literally, to death, as research respondents are very quick to kill off good ideas that they’re simply unable to conceive of. It’s about observing people’s pain points with regards technology, looking at technology trends.

This is in keeping with how we view and conduct research at JWT Australia. My colleague, Dr. Peter Steidl, often cites the fact that the majority of innovation gets the thumbs down in research. The Sony Walkman and the alcoholic drink, Baileys, were firmly rejected by respondents. No, they piously said, it would never catch on…

People tend to rationalise their thoughts when quizzed by a researcher and their responses are misleading. So, Dr. Steidl has adapted new methodologies to research in advertising, such as Consensus Mapping (from HBS Mind of the Market Laboratory), which avoids asking consumers directly what they think is the potential of a product, brand or idea. Instead, these methodologies build on the fact that people think in images and emotions, not words – with the majority of our thinking occurring in the non-conscious mind. So, he tends to avoid the kind of situation described by Henry Ford:

“If I’d asked my customers what they wanted, they’d have said a faster horse.” – I need to check this quote, sorry HF, if I’ve misquoted, but the sentiment is right.

Open innovation
As Sophie Vandebroek observed, not all the smart people work for your company. This is one of the simplest and best reasons I’ve heard to open up innovation to a worldwide marketplace of independent thinkers. Online brokers already facilitate opening up research projects – for example, Amazon’s Mechanical Turk marketplace. In Australia, we have an open source online brewery, brewtopia (http://brewtopia.com.au/).

Don’t be afraid

Have fun

The last two are self-explanatory. Children aren’t afraid to experiment – and neither should we be scared to find opportunity, even, and perhaps especially, in a crisis. And, if it’s not fun, it’s not worth it. Have fun in all you do. Have relevant fun at work that drives innovative thinking.

What else are we here for? Otherwise, we’re just marking time.


I almost forgot the gadget

No doubt several others will be writing about this, but it’s noteworthy, sort of. There was a new nTag gadget being used at the conference, which the compny describes as an interactive name badge. It was a way for delegates to zap each other with their business cards, instead of handing out the dog-eared card version, that’s part of a batch that’s always being re-ordered (or maybe that’s just me, and the people I like speaking to). As a networking device, it’s not bad. You have to get quite close for the devices to exchange information – almost close enough to shake hands! It was a bit of fun, a conversation starter (the On/Off switch was not prominent) and it included the agenda for the day, so that was good.


Which reminds me: Networking

One of the big themes of the day. Whether it’s attending the big game, finding something you have in common to start a conversation, or zapping someone with your nTag, networking is all-important. Except that there are still plenty of introverts who shy away from it (myself included). Some are successful, or compelling enough, that people come to them, eliminating the need for networking (if only I were included!). Others learn to bite the bullet. I’m told it can be done. So, I’m logging off now. I’m going to try to start a conversation. I hope I’ve already begun.